Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Black Water), is a historic colonial-era prison located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a group of islands situated in the Bay of Bengal, India. Built by the British during their colonial rule in the late 19th century, the Cellular Jail is a grim reminder of the oppressive policies and brutal treatment endured by Indian freedom fighters.
Cellular Jail began in 1896 and was completed in 1906. Its design, envisioned by the British engineer Colonel Reuben Brassey, aimed to isolate prisoners from each other to prevent any form of communication or coordination. The Jail was strategically situated in Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman Islands, making it extremely difficult for inmates to escape.
The Cellular Jail comprises a seven-winged structure, with each wing having three stories. The system is made of brick and was designed to hold approximately 600 prisoners. The architecture was unique and aimed at maximizing surveillance and minimizing prisoner interaction. The central tower, known as the "watchtower," offered an unobstructed view of all the wings, enabling constant monitoring of the inmates.
Cellular Jails were deplorable, with prisoners subjected to severe physical and psychological torture. The inmates, primarily political dissidents and freedom fighters who fought against British colonial rule were imprisoned in cramped, windowless cells. These cells were extremely small, measuring about 4.5 meters in length, 2.7 meters in width, and 3 meters in height. The lack of proper ventilation, extreme heat, and unhygienic conditions made life in the Jail unbearable.
Prisoners were punished harshly, including flogging, solitary confinement, and forced labour. The jail authorities devised cruel techniques such as the "picketing" punishment, where prisoners were tied to a wooden frame and beaten with a flogging instrument known as the "cat-o'-nine-tails." The objective was to break the spirit of the freedom fighters and deter them from seeking independence.
Cellular Jails became a symbol of resilience and defiance against the British Raj. Political prisoners like Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Batukeshwar Dutt, and Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi were among those incarcerated in Jail for their involvement in the freedom struggle. Many inmates endured their sentences, bravely fighting for their cause and inspiring others.
Cellular Jail serves as a national memorial and a museum, providing a poignant glimpse into India's struggle for independence. Visitors can explore the complex, witness the stark cells, and learn about the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters. The museum exhibits photographs, artefacts, and documents that recount the stories of the prisoners and shed light on the atrocities committed during the colonial era.
The Cellular Jail is a testament to the indomitable spirit of those who fought for India's freedom and serves as a reminder of the price paid for independence. It remains a solemn place that bears witness to the struggle against oppression, preserving the memory of those who suffered within its walls and inspiring generations to strive for justice, equality, and freedom.
Situated just a short distance from the Cellular Jail, Corbyn's Cove Beach is a popular tourist destination. Its serene surroundings and calm waters make it an ideal spot for swimming, sunbathing, and enjoying water sports activities.
Located a short boat ride from Port Blair, Ross Island was once the administrative headquarters of the British during their colonial rule. Today, it is an intriguing historical site with ruins, old buildings, and various flora and fauna. Visitors can explore the remnants of British architecture and enjoy the island's scenic beauty.
Known for its vibrant coral reefs and abundant marine life, North Bay Island is a paradise for snorkelling and scuba diving enthusiasts. This island offers breathtaking underwater views and is home to various colourful corals, tropical fish, and other fascinating marine creatures.
Located approximately 25 kilometres from Port Blair, Chidiya Tapu is a picturesque spot known for its stunning sunset views. It is also a birdwatcher's paradise, with a wide range of avian species found in the area. Visitors can enjoy nature walks, birdwatching, and picnicking amidst the beautiful surroundings.
Situated in Port Blair, the Anthropological Museum is an interesting place to learn about the indigenous tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The museum showcases artefacts, photographs, and exhibits that provide insights into the rich cultural heritage and lifestyle of these tribes.
Another museum in Port Blair, the Samudrika Marine Museum, focuses on the Andaman Islands' diverse marine life, coral reefs, and underwater ecosystem. It features informative displays, including life-sized replicas of marine creatures, shells and educational exhibits about the region's marine biodiversity.
Marina Park and Aquarium:
Adjacent to the Cellular Jail, Marina Park offers a delightful waterfront area with manicured gardens, a children's park, and a small aquarium. Visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, relax in the park, and admire the diverse aquatic life on display at the aquarium.
Located in Wandoor, approximately 30 kilometres from Port Blair, this national park is a haven for nature lovers. It encompasses a group of islands, including Jolly Buoy Island and Red Skin Island, known for their vibrant coral reefs and diverse marine life. Visitors can indulge in snorkelling, glass-bottom boat rides, and underwater explorations.
Situated about 100 kilometres north of Port Blair, Baratang Island is renowned for its unique natural attractions. The island is home to the famous limestone caves known as the Baratang Caves, which formed over millions of years. Additionally, the island boasts stunning mangrove forests, pristine beaches, and the rare phenomenon of bioluminescent plankton in its creeks.
Mount Harriet National Park offers picturesque landscapes, dense forests, and diverse flora and fauna in the southern part of the Andaman Islands. It is the highest peak in the region and provides panoramic views of the surrounding islands and the vast ocean. The park is a haven for trekkers, birdwatchers, and nature enthusiasts.
A popular tourist destination, Havelock Island is known for its stunning beaches and crystal-clear turquoise waters. Radhanagar Beach ranked among the best beaches in Asia, offers a tranquil setting for relaxation, swimming, and sunbathing. Havelock Island is also a hub for water sports such as snorkelling, scuba diving, and sea kayaking.
Located 40 kilometres northeast of Port Blair, Neil Island is a serene and less-crowded island with beautiful beaches and lush greenery. The island's main attractions include Bharatpur Beach, known for its coral reefs and snorkelling opportunities, and Sitapur Beach, which offers breathtaking sunrise views. Neil Island is an ideal place to unwind and enjoy the tranquillity of nature.
Situated within the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Jolly Buoy Island is known for its pristine coral reefs, clear waters, and vibrant marine life. It is a protected area; visitors can explore the underwater world through snorkelling and glass-bottom boat rides. The island offers a glimpse into the incredible biodiversity of the Andaman Sea.
These other places near the Cellular Jail provide various experiences, from historical and cultural sites to stunning natural landscapes and adventure activities. Exploring these destinations will give you a comprehensive and memorable journey through the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.